Kulawulo lwemihla ngemihla lweenkqubo zeWindows, enye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kukulawula ukufikelela kwiifayile kunye neefolda. Ukuba ukhe wazibuza ukuba kutheni ngamanye amaxesha ungakwazi ukucima ifolda, ukutshintsha ifayile, okanye ukufikelela kulwazi lwakho, mhlawumbi uyazibuza ukuba kutheni. Iimvume zeNTFS yiba nempendulo. Ukuqonda indlela asebenza ngayo kunye nendlela alawulwa ngayo ayiloncedo kuphela, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba ufuna ukugcina inkqubo yakho ikhuselekile kwaye icocekile.
Kweli nqaku, ndiza kukucacisela kube kanye. Ziziphi iimvume ze-NTFS?, into ezisetyenziselwa yona, indlela ezizuzwe ngayo, kunye nendlela onokuzilawula ngayo ngokufanelekileyo ukuze ugweme iingxaki zokufikelela kwiklasi kwaye, kwangaxeshanye, ukhusele idatha yakho kwi-prying eyes. Ukuba unomncedisi okanye ikhompyuter yakho kwaye uxabisa ubumfihlo bakho kunye nelabasebenzisi bakho, ungaphoswa!
Yintoni i-NTFS kwaye kutheni ithandwa kangaka?
NTFS kuthetha Inkqubo yeFayile yeTekhnoloji eNtsha. Yeyona nkqubo yefayile ecetyiswayo nesetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokusebenza zeWindows ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-90s, zombini kwidesktop kunye neenguqulelo zeseva. Kutheni iye yasinda ixesha elide kangaka? Kuba yinkqubo ehambele phambili kakhulu, ekhuselekileyo, kwaye ebhetyebhetye. Ikuvumela ukuba ulawule umthamo omkhulu wedatha, unikezela ngokuthembeka (kunye nelog yentengiselwano okanye ijenali), ukuziphilisa kwiimpazamo, inkxaso yamagama amade kunye neendlela, ukuveliswa kwee-quotas ngomsebenzisi ngamnye, kwaye, ngaphezu kwakho konke, isikimu solawulo esinamandla. ukhuseleko lwegranular kunye neemvume.
I-NTFS ifumaneka kuzo zonke iinguqulelo zangoku zeWindows: Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows Server 2022, 2019, 2016, kunye neenkqubo zangaphambili ukususela kwiWindows NT 3.1. Iimpawu zayo ziye zavela, kodwa ulawulo lweemvume luhlala luyenye yeentsika zalo. Impumelelo ye-NTFS kungenxa yokuba ibonelela ngolawulo olupheleleyo malunga nokuba ngubani na onokufikelela, alungise, aphumeze, okanye acime nayiphi na ifayile okanye isiqulathi seefayili, zonke zinoluhlu lwemigangatho nelawuleka ngokulula.
Zithini kanye iimvume zeNTFS?
Kwifayile nganye okanye ulawulo olulawulwa yi-NTFS, kukho unxulumano uluhlu lolawulo lokufikelela (ACL, Uluhlu loLawulo lokuFikelela). Olu luhlu lubonisa ukuba ngabaphi na abasebenzisi okanye amaqela anokwenza ntoni ngomthombo. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zee-ACLs:
- I-DACL (Discretionary ACL): Gqiba ukuba zeziphi izenzo ezivumelekileyo okanye ezithintelweyo.
- I-SACL (Inkqubo ACL): Imisela ukuba ngawaphi amanyathelo afanele ukuphicothwa okanye afakwe kuhlolo lokhuseleko.
Los Iimvume zeNTFS Zinokunikezelwa kwifayile okanye kwinqanaba lefolda kwaye zingabelwa kubasebenzisi ngabanye okanye amaqela. Ngaphaya koko, ulwakhiwo lwemvume ye-NTFS luyongezeleka: ukuba umsebenzisi ungowamaqela amaninzi, iimvumelwano zabo zongezwa kunye, ngaphandle kokuba kwaliwe ngokuphandle, ehlala ikho.
Iintlobo zeMvume zeNTFS eziqhelekileyo
Kwinkqubo ye-NTFS, kukho iimvume ezisemgangathweni, ezizibhloko zokwakha ezisisiseko zokuchaza ukufikelela. Zezi:
- Ulawulo olupheleleyo: Umsebenzisi angenza naliphi na inyathelo, ukusuka ekufundeni ukuya ekutshintsheni iimvume, ukucima okanye ukongeza iifayile kunye neefolda.
- Shintsha: Ikuvumela ukuba utshintshe imixholo yeefayile kunye neefolda, kunye nokuzicima.
- Ukufunda nokwenza: Ibonelela ngokukwazi ukufunda nokwenza iifayile, kuquka iinkqubo.
- Dwelisa imixholo yesiqulathi seefayili: Ikuvumela ukuba ubonise iifayile kunye neefolda kwifolda (yeencwadi kuphela).
- Kufunda: Inika ufikelelo ukujonga imixholo yeefayile kunye neefolda, kuquka iimpawu kunye neemvume.
- Ukubhala: Ikuvumela ukuba wenze iifayile/iifolda kwaye ulungise esele zikhona.
Ukongeza, kukho iimvume ezizodwa enokwabelwa ukunika okanye ukukhanyela izenzo ezithe ngqo. Ezi zidla ngokusetyenziswa xa kufuneka ulawulo oluneenkcukacha ezininzi.
IiMvume eziKhethekileyo zeNTFS kunye nokuba zithetha ukuthini
Kwabo bafuna ukucaca ngakumbi, i-NTFS ivumela ukusetyenziswa kweemvume ezikhethekileyo. Nazi ezona zibalulekileyo kwaye zivumela ntoni:
- Khangela incwadi eneenkcukacha / Qhuba ifayile: Faka iifolda okanye uqhube inkqubo, ngokulandelelanayo.
- Uluhlu lwefolda / Funda idatha: Jonga iifayile ngaphakathi kwefolda okanye ufunde imixholo yefayile.
- Iimpawu zokufunda kunye neempawu ezandisiweyo: Jonga ulwazi olongezelelweyo malunga neefayile kunye neefolda.
- Yenza iifayile / Bhala idatha: Yongeza iifayile okanye ulungise idatha ekhoyo.
- Yenza iifolda / Yongeza idatha: Yenza iziqulathi zeefolda ezintsha okanye wongeze idatha ekupheleni kwefayile.
- Iimpawu zokubhala kunye neempawu ezandisiweyo: Guqula ulwazi olongezelelweyo malunga neefayile kunye neefolda.
- Cima iziqulathi zeefayili kunye neefayile: Cima yonke into engaphakathi kwifolda, nokuba awunayo imvume ecacileyo yokuyicima nganye.
- Cima: Cima ifayile ethile okanye incwadi eneenkcukacha.
- Iimvume zokujonga: Funda ukuba zeziphi iimvume ezimiselweyo.
- Shintsha iimvume: Guqula iimvume ezikhoyo.
- Thatha ubunini: Zabele wena njengomnini ukulungisa iimvume.
- Vumelanisa: Ivumela ukulinda kunye nokulungelelaniswa phakathi kweenkqubo.
Ezi mvume zidityanisiwe ngokwento ofuna ukuyivumela okanye ukunqanda. Umzekelo, kwifolda ekwabelwana ngayo kumaxwebhu, unokuvumela wonke umntu ukuba ajonge iifayile, kodwa ngabasebenzisi abathile kuphela abanokuziguqula okanye bazicime.
IiMvume ezicacileyo kunye neeMvume ezizuzwa njengeLifa: Ilifa kwi-NTFS
Enye yeengqikelelo eziphambili kwi-NTFS yi ilifa leemvumeXa unikezela ngeemvume kwifolda ("umzali"), ezo mvumelwano zidla ngokukhutshelwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwiifolda eziphantsi kunye neefayile eziquletheyo ("abantwana"). Ngale ndlela, kufuneka uchaze kuphela iimvume kube kanye phezulu kuluhlu, kwaye yonke into engezantsi iyakuzidla ilifa.
Kodwa unako ukwabela iimvume ezicacileyo kulawulo olusezantsi oluthile okanye ifayile, ukwaphula ilifa. Ngale ndlela, unokwenza, umzekelo, ukukhanyela ukufikelela kwifayile ethile nokuba yonke ifolda ibonakala kwiqela labasebenzisi.
Akuyomfuneko ukwaphula ilifa ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ukuyitshintsha kudla ngokubanzima kulawulo. Undoqo kukuqonda xa kungcono ukugcina ilifa kwaye xa kungcono ukwenza iimvume ngokwezifiso kumanqanaba athile.
Uzilungisa njani kwaye ulawule iimvume zeNTFS kwiWindows?
Ulawulo lwemvume ludla ngokwenziwa kwi Indawo yeWindows:
- Cofa ekunene kwifayile oyifunayo okanye ifolda kwaye ukhethe "iiProperties."
- Yiya kuKhuseleko ithebhu ukubona abasebenzisi kunye namaqela aneemvume ezabelweyo.
- Ukuba ufuna ukuzitshintsha, cofa "Hlela" kwaye uguqule iimvume njengoko zifuneka.
- Ukongeza abasebenzisi okanye amaqela, sebenzisa "Yongeza" uze ukhethe inqanaba lemvume elifanelekileyo.
- Cofa "Faka" kwaye "Kulungile" ukugcina utshintsho.
Ukusuka apha unokulawula ilifa ngokufikelela "Ukhetho oluPhezulu" kwaye ukhethe ukuba uyafuna okanye awufuni into yokufumana iimvume kumzali wayo.
Kwenzeka ntoni kwiimvume xa ukhuphela okanye uhambisa iifayile kunye neefolda?
Into ebaluleke kakhulu: Iimvume zinokutshintsha xa ukopa okanye uhambisa iifayile kunye neefoldaUkuba uhambisa ifayile ngaphakathi kwevolumu efanayo ye-NTFS, igcina iimvume zayo. Kodwa ukuba uyikhuphela komnye umqulu, izakuthatha iimvume zesiqulathi seefayili (esizuze ilifa). Oku kunokubangela ukothuka kwaye kushiye iifayile zivezwe ngakumbi okanye zitshixiwe, ke lumka xa uhlengahlengisa ubume bolawulo lwakho.
Iimvume zeNTFS vs. Iimvume Zokwabelana
Kwi-Windows kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeemvume zeefayile zenethiwekhi ekwabelwana ngazo: NTFS kunye nezo Yabelana. I-NTFS ilawula ukufikelela kwendawo kunye nokude, ngelixa Ukwabelana kuchaphazela kuphela ukufikelela kwinethiwekhi kwaye kunokusetyenziswa nakwiinkqubo zeFAT/FAT32. Ngokuzenzekela, elona phepha-mvume lisisithintelo likhonaUkuba i-NTFS ivumela ukuguqulwa kodwa imvume yokwabelana ivumela kuphela ukufunda, umsebenzisi uya kukwazi ukufunda kuphela nokuba ufikeleleke kwinethiwekhi.
Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuba ufuna ulawulo olucokisekileyo, kusoloko kungcono ukusebenzisa i-NTFS. Iimvume zokwabelana zisisiseko kwaye zilungiselelwe ngakumbi kwiimeko ezilula zomsebenzisi womnatha.
Ujongwa njani kwaye utshintshe njani i-NTFS kunye neeMvume zokwabelana
Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ukuba ngubani onokufikelela kwifolda okanye uyitshintshe?
- Ye-NTFS: Ekunene cofa → Iimpahla → Ukhuseleko (jonga kwaye uhlele).
- Ukwabelana: Ekunene cofa → Iimpahla → Ukwabelana → Ukwabelwana okuNtu → Iimvume (jonga kwaye uhlele).
Khumbula ukongeza abasebenzisi abafanelekileyo okanye amaqela kwaye ubanike iimvume ezithile. Nika ingqalelo kwilifa: unokugqiba ukuba yeyiphi inqanaba utshintsho olusetyenziswayo.
Iingqwalasela ezikhethekileyo kunye neengxaki eziqhelekileyo
- I-akhawunti yomlawuli idla ngokuvalwa ngokungagqibekanga. Khumbula ukuyenza kwaye unikeze igama eligqithisiweyo ukuba uza kuyisebenzisa ukulawula iimvume.
- Iimvume zokuseta umsebenzisi kufuneka zibe nemvume "yokutshintsha iimvume" ukuze isebenze ngokuchanekileyo.
- Ilifa elilawulwa kakubi linokukhokelela ekufikeleleni okungagunyaziswanga okanye imiqobo. Cinga ngononophelo ukuba kufuneka uyigcine okanye ushiye yonke into ngokucacileyo.
- Ukuba kufuneka ubuyisele i iimvume zoqobo zolawulo lweNTFS okanye umthamo, kuxwebhu olusemthethweni lweMicrosoft uya kufumana iinkqubo kunye nemibhalo yokwenza oko.
IiMvume ze-NTFS kwiiNdawo zeSeva kunye neMizekeliso eSebenzayo
Kwiiseva zeWindows, ngakumbi kusingathwa ngewebhu okanye ukwabelana ngefayile, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukufuna ukunika iimvume ezithe ngqo. Eminye imizekelo eqhelekileyo iquka:
- Ulawulo lweengcambu ekwabelwana ngalo luqhele ukunqandwa kubalawuli kunye neenkonzo zenkqubo.
- Isiza ngasinye okanye umsebenzisi unefolda enikezelwe kubo apho banokufunda kuphela umxholo, kodwa bangawulungisi ngaphandle kokuba bangabanini.
- Iifolda zeelog kufuneka zigcinwe ngaphandle kofikelelo lukawonke-wonke kwaye zifikeleleke kuphela sisixokelelwano okanye ngumlawuli.
Ngoko ke, ukucwangciswa okufanelekileyo kwesakhiwo kunye nokunikezelwa kweemvume kubalulekile kukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kweqonga.
Ulawulo oluPhezulu: Khubaza ilifa kuluhlu lwenkqubo kunye neemvume zobhaliso
Kwiimeko zokhuseleko ezihambele phambili, ungakhubaza ilifa kwiincwadi ezineenkcukacha zenkqubo (umzekelo, System32) ukunqanda iimvume ngengozi ekusasazekeni. Ukongeza, iimvume zinokunikwa kwiindawo eziphambili ze Irejista yeWindows, ukunciphisa ukuguqulwa okanye ukufunda kubalawuli kunye nenkqubo kuphela.
La manyathelo athambileyo, kwaye naziphi na iimpazamo zingenza ukuba inkqubo ingafikeleleki, ngoko ke nceda ujonge amaxwebhu kwaye wenze iikopi ezigcinayo phambi kokuba uchukumise naziphi na iirejista zeesistim okanye izitshixo.
Izabelo zediski zeNTFS kunye nokhuseleko lweBitLocker
I-NTFS ikuvumela ukuba uchaze izabelo zendawo ukunqanda ubungakanani bedatha umsebenzisi ngamnye okanye iqela elinokugcina. Ukuba umsebenzisi ugqithise kwisabelo esichaziweyo, inkqubo inokukhupha izilumkiso okanye ithintele ukubhala ngokupheleleyo. Olu lawulo luluncedo kakhulu kubasebenzisi abaninzi okanye kwiindawo zokugcina ekwabelwana ngazo.
Ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo nge Bitlocker Ikuvumela ukuba ufihle yonke imiqulu, ukuthintela ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga nokuba idiski isusiwe ngokwasemzimbeni. Ukuyivula kulula kwiipropathi zedisk, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuphantse kubonakale ngokucacileyo kumsebenzisi.
Unyino kunye neengqwalasela zokugqibela
Los Iimvume ze-NTFS zisebenza kuphela kwiidiski kunye nezahlulo ezifomathiweyo nge-NTFSUkuba usebenza nge-FAT32, awuyi kukwazi ukuseta olu lawulo luphambili. Ukufuduka kwi-FAT32 ukuya kwi-NTFS, ungasebenzisa izixhobo ezifana "nokuguqula" ukusuka kumgca womyalelo okanye abaphathi bezahlulo zegraphical.
Gcina ukhumbula ukuba ukulawula iimvume ze-NTFS, ngelixa kungantsokothanga kakhulu, kufuna ingqalelo elumkileyo ukuthintela ukufikelela okungafunekiyo okanye ukutshixwa. Ukuphononongwa rhoqo, ukubhalwa kwamaxwebhu, kunye nezenzo zolawulo ezilungileyo zezona zikhuselo zilungileyo.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda nokuphatha ngokuchanekileyo i Iimvume zeNTFS ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kulawulo lweefayile. Inkqubo elungiselelwe kakuhle ayikhuseli kuphela idatha, kodwa iququzelela ulawulo kunye nokuthintela iimpazamo zengozi ezinokuphazamisa ukunyaniseka kwenkqubo. Yabelana ngolwazi ukuze abanye abasebenzisi bazi malunga nesihloko.