Iikhompyutha zizixhobo zombane ezenziwe ngamacandelo ombane awohlukeneyo athi, akuba eyeke ukusebenza okanye abe luncedo, abe yinkunkuma. Nangona kunjalo, Ungayiphinda usebenzise ikhompyuter kwaye usebenzise kwakhona amanye amalungu ayo.
Eyona nto isetyenziswa ziinkampani ezibizwa ngokuba zi "refurbished" ezizinikele ekuthengiseni izixhobo ezikhatywayo yimeko yekhompyuter. Amacandelo afana ne-hard drive, imemori kunye ne-motherboard kwezinye iimeko zishiywe njengenkunkuma kunye nezinto zokuphinda zisetyenziswe ezifana nobhedu, iinxalenye zetsimbi, iibhodi kunye nezihlanganisi zongezwa.
Loluphi uhlobo lwenkunkuma ikhompyutha?
Xa ikhompyuter iyeka ukuba luncedo emntwini okanye kwinkampani, iba luhlobo lwenkunkuma yombane. Xa ichongiwe, ihamba ngenkqubo ye ukurisayikilishwa kwe-elektroniki apho amaqhekeza anokuthi abonise ingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo kufuneka ahlulwe. Ezo zingasetyenziswanga kwakhona kwikhompyuter okanye ngenye injongo.
Okwangoku, kwaye ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe kwintsimi ye ukurisayikilishwa kwekhompyutha, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-93% yamalungu ayo anokusetyenziswa. Oko kukuthi, xa i-PC ilinganisa i-proem yeekhilogram ezingama-21, i-11,2 kilos yayo inokubuyiselwa phakathi kweentsimbi ezifana nentsimbi, ubhedu kunye ne-aluminium; malunga neekhilogram ezi-4,6 zeglasi kunye ne-4,2 yeekhilogram zezinye iintlobo zeeplastiki.
Ezinye izixhobo zombane ezifana neprinta inokuphinda isetyenziswe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-88% yezinto zayo. Iinkampani zobugcisa ezenza ezi mveliso ziphinda zisebenzise ukwenza abashicileli abatsha. Eli ligalelo elikhulu ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2, ukonga amandla kunye nezixhobo.
Ilawulwa njani inkunkuma evela kwizixhobo zombane?
Los inkunkuma yezixhobo zombane (WEEE) Banenkqubo yolawulo ekufuneka iinkampani ezigunyaziswe nguRhulumente ziyithobele. Ukusuka kwindlela eqokelelwa ngayo, iindlela zothutho ezihambisa kwindawo apho kufuneka zifakwe khona. Makhe sibone ukuba ithini na imigaqo malunga nolawulo lwenkunkuma yokwenziwa ngokutsha kwekhompyutha:
- Uhlobo lwesixhobo sombane esiza kulahlwa sichongiwe. Iinkampani kufuneka zizihlele ngokwemodeli yazo, umzekelo: izixhobo zendlu, iimonitha noomabonakude, iiglowubhu zokukhanyisa, izixhobo zokukhenkceza, izixhobo zomphunga, iikhompyutha, iiprinta kunye neeselfowuni, kunye neepaneli zelanga.
- Emva koko bathatyathwa kumaziko okuhambisa apho iinkqubo ezintathu zenziwa: enye iqokelela inkunkuma, enye ihlambulule kwaye enye isasaza.
- Usasazo lwenziwa kwiplanti yokulinganisa kwisikali esimisela ukuba zingaphi iitoni zezixhobo zombane eziphathwayo sisingxobo.
- Ihlelwa kwaye igcinwe ngokohlobo lwayo.
- Ithathwa isiwe kwindawo yamalungiselelo ukuze kamva isiwe kwiofisi yokuthengisa izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo.
- Iphela nge izixhobo zokurisayikilisha kunye namalungu asebenza ngokwenene. Ziye zachithwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye zihlelwe kwakhona. Abanye bafumana unyango olukhethekileyo, abanye bayatshatyalaliswa kwaye inkunkuma yabo isetyenziswa njengezinto ezikrwada.
Zeziphi iingozi zempilo enazo inkunkuma ye-elektroniki?
El umngcipheko wokuba inkunkuma ye-elektroniki ivelise kwimpilo yabantu abasebenza nayo ekuhlaziyweni kweekhompyutha okanye indawo ezingqongileyo, inokuchaphazela inkqubo yokuphefumla neyemiphunga kunye neDNA. Oku kubonakaliswe nguMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) kwingxelo egxile kuphela kule ngxaki.
Phakathi kwezinye iziphumo, umzimba wezempilo wehlabathi uye wabonisa ukuba kunokubangela ukungaphumeleli kumsebenzi we-thyroid kunye nokwandisa umngcipheko wokubandezeleka kwezifo ezingapheliyo ezifana nomhlaza okanye isifo senhliziyo. Oku kungenxa yokuvezwa rhoqo kwilothe kunye nobhedu oluxhatshazwa ngabantu abasebenza ngezi zixhobo.
Ukuba owasetyhini ukhulelwe, ukuvezwa kwezi ntsalela kunokuchaphazela impilo kunye nophuhliso losana oluya kuhamba naye ubomi bakhe bonke. Okona kubulalayo kukufa ngaphambi kwexesha, okungenakukwandisa ubunzima okanye ubude.
Eminye imingcipheko yokuvezwa kwenkunkuma evela kwizixhobo zombane ukuphazamiseka kwe-neurobehavioral kwiintsana. Ibandakanya ukunqongophala kwengqwalaselo enokwenzeka, udlamko, indlela yokuziphatha, imo, ingqondo kunye nokuphazamiseka kolwimi.
Ndingayithatha phi ikhompyutha yam ukuze isetyenziswe kwakhona?
ESpain kukho iindawo ezininzi zokuqokelelwa kwekhompyuter. Kubalulekile ukuba wazi apho zikhoyo kwaye ulandele iprotocol echanekileyo ukunqanda imingcipheko yezempilo kunye nezohlwayo zokuqokelela kakubi. Ezi ziindawo ezigunyazisiweyo kweli lizwe:
Iindawo ezicocekileyo zikamasipala
Iindawo ezicocekileyo zikamasipala ngamaziko aqeqeshiweyo nakhethekileyo ekugcineni inkunkuma yombane. Banceda uluntu ukuba lulawule ulwamkelo nokuphathwa kwezixhobo zombane ezingasetyenziswanga. Ngaba yithathe apho ngokuzithemba nokhuseleko olupheleleyo ukuba baya kuba noxanduva lokusiwa kumaziko amakhulu okuqokelela.
Sincoma ukuba phambi kokuba uziphathe, uqiniseke ukuba ukususa kunye ifomathi lonke ulwazi lobuqu onalo. Nokuba, ukuba kuyenzeka, zama ukwenza ucoceko olunzulu lwezixhobo zakho kwaye uphephe ukuba sesichengeni sedata.
ECOLEC
Isiseko esingenzi nzuzo saseSpain i-ECOLEC sisebenza kwinkqubo yokuqokelela kunye nokunyanga inkunkuma ye-elektroniki ngokulandela iprotocol echazwe ngumthetho. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yabo kukusebenzisa kwakhona amacandelo kunye nokuzama ukwenza uninzi lwezinto zabo. Ukongeza, inobudlelwane obuninzi beenkampani eziqokelela le nkunkuma ukwenza lula ukuhanjiswa kwakho.
Ingqokelela ye-WEEE (ekhaya)
Nokuba uhlala phi, ingqokelela yasekhaya ye-WEEE inokuya endlwini yakho ukukhangela iikhompyuter zakho ezindala. Le nkonzo iluncedo kakhulu kuba ikuthintela ukuba ushiye indawo yakho kwaye igcina amafutha. Nangona kunjalo, inkonzo ixhomekeke kwibhunga ledolophu kuba lisebenza ngqo nabo. Kufuneka nje wenze umnxeba kwaye cela ingqokelela ye-WEEE, kufuneka ulinde nje ukuba bakuxelele ukuba banokuhamba nini.
Ngawaphi amalungu ekhompyuter aphinda asetyenziswe?
Ukurisayikilishwa kwekhompyutha kunenzuzo kakhulu, Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-95% yamalungu ayo angaphinda asetyenziswe. Ezona zixhaphakileyo zezi: hard drive, RAM, motherboard, cables, cartridges and mouse. Kwakhona, kwaye ngenxa yezizathu zempilo, ibhetri yelaptop kufuneka igxininiswe kuba iqulethe ilothe kwaye inetyhefu kakhulu.
Kwimeko ye-welding, izindlu, ii-motor kunye neefeni zenziwe ngeentsimbi ezifana ne-tin, intsimbi kunye ne-aluminiyam. Zikwaqulathe isilicon, intsimbi engeyontsimbi esetyenziselwa ukwenza iitshiphusi. Xa zikhupha ezi mathiriyeli, iinkampani zokurisayikilisha ziyazinyibilikisa ukwenza ezinye iimveliso zentsimbi.
Abanye Izixhobo zombane zineenxalenye ezenziwe ngeentsimbi ezixabisekileyo enokufunyanwa kwakhona kwikhompyuter. Iziqwenga ezenziwe ngegolide, isilivere, i-palladium kunye neplatinam zihamba phambili, ixabiso labo lixhomekeke kwimarike kunye nemali ekhutshiweyo.
Ukurisayikilishwa kwekhompyutha ngumthetho kwaye kufuneka sithobele xa sele sifuna ukulahla izixhobo zethu. Masilandele iiprothokholi ezihambelanayo kwaye sizame ukugcina impilo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ngaba ukhe wacinga malunga nokuba bungakanani ubomi obushiyekileyo kwiikhompyuter zakho kwaye uya kwenza ntoni ngabo emva koko?