Kwilizwe letekhnoloji eliqhubela phambili lisiya kwizisombululo ezinamandla ngakumbi nezintsonkothileyo, isindululo esahluke kakhulu sibambe umdla wehardware kunye nabathanda isoftware yasimahla. Yikhompyuter encinci enokuqhuba unikezelo lweLinux isebenzisa kuphela iitshiphusi ezi-8 ezifihliweyo ezibizwa 8pinLinux.
Le projekthi, ephuhliswe ngunjineli u-Dimity Grinberg, ifezekise into ebonakala ingenakwenzeka: ukuqhuba inkqubo yokusebenza epheleleyo njengeLinux kwibhodi engena lula entendeni yesandla. Eyona nto imangalisayo kuzo zonke kukuba ifezekisa oku ngaphandle kokubhenela kumaqonga aqhelekileyo afana neRaspberry Pi okanye iArduino, kodwa endaweni yoko ngokuthembela kuqwalaselo oluncinci nolukhethekileyo.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-8pinLinux?
Le projekthi 8pinLinux Yazalwa njengomboniso wobugcisa wokuba ukuphumelela kwekhompuyutha kungahamba kangakanani xa kugqithiselwe kakhulu. Endaweni yokubheja kwiiprosesa ezisikwayo okanye kwimemori ekhawulezayo, indlela kaGrinberg ibe kuku. ukwandisa ukusebenza kunye neenzuzo ezincinci Kwaye ke unokubona ukuba le mbono inxulumana njani nezinye iiPC ezincinci kwintengiso.
Le microcomputer yakhelwe phezu kwe Ibhodi yeSekethe eprintiweyo (PCB) yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukugcina iitshiphusi ezintathu eziphambili, zonke zifakwe kwi-8-pin ye-SOIC (iSekethe encinci eDityanisiweyo) yokupakishwa. Ezi zinto, ngaphandle kwemida yazo ebonakalayo, zilawula ukusebenza kunye ukubonelela ngesiseko esisebenzayo seLinux.
Amacandelo okwenza oku kwenzeke
Iitshiphusi ezintathu zisebenzise ikhava imisebenzi esisiseko ngaphakathi kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yekhompyutha, nangona kule meko benza njalo phantsi komgaqo ukwandisa izixhobo kwindawo encinci, ngenjongo yokubonisa ukuba iLinux inokuqhutywa ngaphandle kwehardware eqhelekileyo.
- I-STM32G0 ene-ARM Cortex-M0+ yokwakha: Le microcontroller isebenza njengeprosesa ephambili yenkqubo. Nangona iyichip encinci kakhulu xa ithelekiswa neeCPU zangoku, ibonelela ngokwaneleyo ukuba iqhube imisebenzi esisiseko enkosi kuyilo lwe-ARM olulula.
- 8 MB Imemori ye-PSRAM: Le nkumbulo isebenza njengenkqubo ye-RAM. Yinto ebalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yokusebenza kwaye, nangona umthamo wayo uphantsi kakhulu ngemigangatho yangoku, ivumela i-Linux ukuba isebenze kunye nemida ethile.
- Itshiphu ye-USB PL2303GL: Inoxanduva lokubonelela zombini uqhagamshelwano kunye namandla. Inika imveliso elawulwayo ye-3.3V kunye ne-current ye-100mA, engaphezulu kokwaneleyo kwinkqubo equlethweyo.
Ukongeza kwezi zinto zintathu zibalulekileyo, ibhodi encinci ibandakanya a ikhadi le-microSD slot, esebenza njengenkqubo yokugcina eyongezelelweyo. Igcina inkqubo yokusebenza (iDebian, kulo mzekelo) kunye nedatha yexeshana. Nangona isantya sokufunda nokubhala ingeyiyo eyona ilungileyo, inkqubo isaqhuba kwaye iyasebenza, yimpumelelo enkulu leyo. Oku kunomdla xa uthelekisa i-8pinLinux kunye nezinye iinketho zePC ezincinci.
Umlingo osemva kokusebenza: Ukulinganisa kwe-MIPS kunye nokugqithiswa kwe-8pinLinux
Eyona nto inomdla kakhulu ngeprojekthi ayisiyonto nje incinci, kodwa iphunyezwe njani. ukuba iLinux isebenza kwindawo elinganiselweyo enjalo. Ukufezekisa oku, uGrinberg wabhenela kwi- MIPS bokwakha emulator, isixhobo esikuvumela ukuba uguqule kwaye wenze imiyalelo eyenzelwe elo qonga kwiprosesa ye-ARM yetshiphu.
Ngombulelo kolu mzekelo, kuyenzeka ukuba uqalise uguqulelo lwe Debian, ethi nangona inengxaki yesantya (ukuqala kucotha ngokukodwa kwaye ujongano lusisiseko), lusebenza ngokupheleleyo. Oku kubonisa, kwakhona, ukuguquguquka okugqithisileyo kweLinux kernel, ekwaziyo ukusebenza kuyo nayiphi na ihardware ukuba uhlengahlengiso oluyimfuneko lwenziwe.
Ukudityaniswa kweebhasi ekwabelwana ngazo: umngeni wobugcisa
Omnye wemingeni ephambili ngexesha lophuhliso yaba ukwabelana ngeebhasi zedatha phakathi kwekhadi le-SD kunye nenkqubo yoqhagamshelwano lwe-USB. Omabini amacandelo afuna unxibelelwano lwe-SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface), olunokubangela ukuphazamiseka.
Ukusombulula olu ngquzulwano, iGrinberg iphumeze a isihluzi setrafikhi esikhethekileyo SPI evumela ukwahlula imiqondiso ephezulu kunye nesezantsi. Ubuchwephesha, obungaqhelekanga kolu hlobo lwendibano, luvumele zombini izinto ukuba zisebenze ngaxeshanye ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuzinza kwenkqubo.
Ukuthelekisa nezinye ii-microcomputers ezine-8pinLinux
Ukubeka ubukhulu bale projekthi kumxholo, kunokuba luncedo ukuyithelekisa nezinye izixhobo ezaziwayo njengeRaspberry Pi. Imilinganiselo yokugqibela malunga ne-85mm x 56mm, ngelixa i-PCB ye 8pinLinux Imalunga nama-30 mm x 30 mm, oko kukuthi, imalunga nama-XNUMX mm 20 amaxesha amancinci. Umahluko kubungakanani wenza isixhobo esinomdla xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iiPC ezincinci.
Kwaye nangona iimpawu zingenakuthelekiswa nokude, ixabiso le-8pinLinux lisekukwazini ukusebenza njenge. indawo yokuvavanya uphando lwexesha elizayo kwimimandla efana neenkqubo ezizinzisiweyo, i-IoT okanye imfundo yezobuchwepheshe. Olona khetho lubalaseleyo kwabo batsha kwinkqubo kunye nekhompyuter.
Ngaba inezicelo ezisebenzayo okanye luvavanyo nje?
Le microcomputer ayenzelwanga ukuba ithathe indawo yeePC zemveli okanye ii-SBC (iiKhompyutha zeBhodi enye) njengeRaspberry Pi okanye iBanana Pi. Kungaphezulu kobungqina bengcamango ebonisa amathuba esoftware yasimahla xa isetyenziswa ngokuyila kunye nolwazi lobugcisa. Le ndlela entsha inokuthelekiswa nezinye izixhobo, njenge Acer Revo Enye.
Ixabiso lingaphakathi bonisa ukuba kuyenzeka ukunciphisa ihardware ngaphandle kokuncama ukusebenza okusisiseko. Ezi mpawu ziyenza ibe ngumgqatswa onokubakho kwizicelo apho ixabiso, ubungakanani kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kubaluleke kakhulu, njengale:
- Izixhobo eziphantsi kweendleko zokufundisa ngeteknoloji.
- Iiprojekthi ezizisebenzelayo kwimizi-mveliso ethile.
- Iinkqubo ezizinzisiweyo kwintsimi ye-IoT.
- Ukuvavanya iilabhoratri zabafundi bobunjineli be-elektroniki okanye isayensi yekhompyuter.
I-Linux njengophawu lokuziqhelanisa nokuzinza
I-Linux kernel ibonakalisile, kwakhona, yayo ukuguquguquka okungahambelaniyo. Iyakwazi ukuqhuba yonke into ukusuka kwiiseva zamashishini anamandla ukuya kwesi sixhobo sincinci sineetshiphu ezintathu, iziqinise njengenye yeendlela zokusebenza eziguquguqukayo kwimbali. Kwabo bafuna ezinye iindlela kwihlabathi lesoftware yasimahla, olu lukhetho olunomdla.
Ezi ntlobo zeeprojekthi zomeleza ukusebenziseka kwazo kungekuphela ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo, kodwa nangenxa yazo indlela ezinzileyo, efikelelekayo nefundisayo. Kwimeko apho inkunkuma yombane isanda kwaye izixhobo ziphelelwa lixesha ngokukhawuleza, amanyathelo afana ne-8pinLinux avula indlela yokuqonda ngakumbi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwekhompyuter.
Uvavanyo olukhokelwa nguGrinberg lubonisa ukuba ukusungula izinto ezintsha kungasoloko kufuna uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olukhulu okanye itekhnoloji ephuma phambili. Ngokuchasene noko, ubuchule bobugcisa kunye nokuqonda okunzulu kwe isoftwe inokufikelela kwiziphumo eziphazamisayo ngokwenene.
Ukusuka kubukhulu bayo obuthobekileyo, le mini-computer ikwenza kucace ukuba ikamva lekhompyuter linokuba compact, lisebenze kakuhle, kwaye, ngaphezu kwako konke, lifikeleleke. Yabelana ngolwazi ukuze abanye abasebenzisi bazi malunga nale 8pinLinux microcomputer.